By
1800, the British thought they had found a perfect solution to their tea-trade
deficit, the ideal product to give China something to do with all its British
silver: Indian opium. The Chinese
government thought otherwise, banning opium in 1829 and, when drug-smuggling
increased, dispatching a commissioner, Lin Zexu, to Canton to stop the illegal
trade. After neither Chinese nor British
merchants took any notice of his order to destroy opium stocks, he took action
himself and flushed a year’s supply of opium into the sea. The British retaliated by shelling Canton; war was declared.
(from The Great
Wall by Julia Lovell)
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